What causes split ends in hair?

Split ends, also known as trichoptilosis, occur primarily due to damage that hair strands sustain over time. This damage can result from a combination of physical wear, such as brushing and styling, as well as chemical processing, which includes treatments like coloring, perming, or relaxing that can weaken the hair structure. Environmental factors, such as exposure to harsh weather conditions, sun damage, or excessive heat from styling tools, also contribute significantly to the degradation of the hair cuticle.

When the hair cuticle, the outer protective layer, becomes compromised due to these influences, the inner core of the hair becomes exposed, leading to the splitting of the hair shaft. It is this splitting that characterizes split ends, making it essential for hairstylists to understand the root causes to help clients maintain healthier hair through appropriate care and maintenance techniques.

While excessive product use, not using conditioner, and improper cutting techniques can also affect hair health, they do not directly pinpoint the multi-faceted causes of split ends as clearly as physical wear, chemical processing, and environmental factors do. Therefore, recognizing the various ways in which hair can sustain damage is crucial in addressing split ends effectively.